Here you can see that the hair-pinning technique was successful. Testing the connection internally: Try to make an SSH connection to the internal server from the internal side of the FortiGate. In the CLI, enable the match-vip setting. Use the settings displayed in the graphic to create the policy. Enter a name for the policy in the name box. Go to Policy & Objects > IPv4 Policy > Create New. In this case, the Incoming Interface and Outgoing Interface will be the same interface. When creating a policy for hair-pinning, it is important to use the internal interface as the Incoming Interface even though the traffic will be hitting the external interface of the VIP. You can try to connect to the internal server via the external IP and VIP from a computer on the internal side of the firewall. You can try to connect to the external server via the external IP and VIP from a computer on the external side of the firewall. In order to propose a solution, there must first be a problem. Enter a name for the VIP in the name box.Įnter the External IP Address/Range and the Mapped IP Address/Range.Įnable Port Forwarding and specify the External Service Port and the Map to Port. Go to Policy & Objects > Virtual IPs > Create New > Virtual IP. Create a VIPīefore creating a policy for the hair-pinning, e nsure that there is a policy managing traffic from the external to internal through the VIP. Here is what you need to do to configure hair-pinning on your FortiGate: 1. As a test, the packets will try and connect to the server from an IP on the same subnet, 172.20.121.41.To avoid confusion, the IT department has been asked to make sure the same bookmark works whether the user’s computer is connected to the internal LAN or anywhere on the Internet. Seeing as words are easier to remember than numbers, most people bookmark this connection rather than try to remember it.The server listens for SSH traffic on port 22 but because there are multiple servers using SSH and only a few external IP address port forwarding will be set up from port 12345. SSH is running on the server and it will be used for testing purposes. The Fully Qualified Domain Name for the website is, which resolves to 172.20.121.41.A company has a server on its internal LAN at IP address 192.168.1.98/24.The following hair-pinning scenario uses the situation where the VIP is associated to “any” interface. The VIP will take traffic sent to a public IP address and forward it to an internal IP address, such as the server’s private IP. It includes the network diagram, requirements, configuration, and verification steps for all FortiGates used in this example. A VIP, also known as port forwarding, is set up to allow external users to access an internal server. This article describes the steps to configure FortiGates in a BGP scenario which involves iBGP, eBGP peering, OSPF as IGP for the Customer network, and an access-list to filter routes in. It is then forwarded by the FortiGate through a virtual IP to the intended destination.Īs a convenience, if a VIP is being used simultaneously with hair-pinning, the same address can be used whether you are on the inside or the outside of the firewall. The packet then “hair-pins” back on the same interface, connecting to its external IP. The way it works, is that a packet travel through an internal interface and out towards the Internet. Setting the OSPF router ID the same as loopback IP address troubleshooting OSPF easier, and remembering the management IP addresses (telnet to “router ID”).ĭynamic routing protocols can be enabled on loopback interfacesįor black hole static route, use the black hole route type instead of the loopback interface.Hair-pinning, also known as NAT loopback, is the technique where a machine accesses another machine on the LAN via an external network. Loopback interfaces are a good practice for OSPF. Loopback interfaces still require appropriate firewall policies to allow traffic to and from this type of interface. Multiple loopback interfaces can be configured in either non-VDOM mode or in each VDOM. The FortiGate’s loopback IP address does not depend on one specific external port, and is therefore possible to access it through several physical or VLAN interfaces. A loopback interface is a logical interface that is always up (no physical link dependency) and the attached subnet is always present in the routing table.
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